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A plausible program for gastric cancer prevention involves intake of a balanced diet containing fruits and vegetables, improved sanitation and hygiene, screening and treatment of H. The development of gastric cancer is a complex, multistep process involving multiple genetic and epigenetic alterations of oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, DNA repair genes, cell cycle regulators, and signaling molecules. pylori) infection in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer. Accumulating evidence has implicated the role of Helicobacter pylori (H.
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The major diet-related risk factors implicated in stomach cancer development include high content of nitrates and high salt intake. The etiology of gastric cancer is multifactorial and includes both dietary and nondietary factors. Stomach cancer can be classified into intestinal and diffuse types based on epidemiological and clinicopathological features. Despite advances in diagnosis and treatment, the 5-year survival rate of stomach cancer is only 20 per cent. The incidence of gastric cancer varies in different parts of the world and among various ethnic groups. The fact that these risk factors are modifiable emphasizes the need for increasing awareness among the general public and policy makers as a first step in the prevention and control of oral squamous cell carcinoma.Carcinoma of the stomach is still the second most common cause of cancer death worldwide, although the incidence and mortality have fallen dramatically over the last 50 years in many regions. A positive association was observed between non-vegetarian diet, poor oral hygiene and poor dentition with the risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma. The combination of chewing and smoking together with alcohol drinking showed very high relative risk (OR 11.34). Addition of alcohol to other habits also enhanced the risk for oral cancer. These three habits showed increasing risk with increasing frequency and increase in duration of habits. Bidi smoking (OR 4.63) and alcohol drinking (OR 1.65) emerged as significant risk factors for oral cancer.
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Among people with chewing habits, those who chewed betel quid with tobacco and tobacco alone (OR 2.89) showed a greater risk than controls. The data were analysed using multiple logistic regression model. All participants were interviewed using a structured questionnaire that contained data on demographic factors, family history of cancer, tobacco habits, use of alcohol, frequency, duration, cessation of these habits, dietary practices and oral hygiene. The study included 388 oral squamous cell carcinoma cases and an equal number (388) of age and sex-matched controls. The effect of lifestyle factors, including tobacco chewing, smoking and alcohol drinking, diet and dental care, on the risk of oral cancer was investigated in a case-control study conducted in Rajah Muthiah Dental College and Hospital, Annamalainagar, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India during the period 1991-2003. Oral squamous cell carcinoma, the fifth most common cancer worldwide, is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in India.